EDITING

In 1895 the Lumiere Brothers invented Cinematographe. The product of which was films that had scenes of long duration, usually around 3 or 4 minutes. The films were static shots of people moving along or around different locations, and didn't really tell a story. 

In 1901, Edwin S Porter released a film that was similar in that the shots were long duration, but they actually told a story. This film portrays the day of some firemen responding to a call. The use of editing in this film compares to the Lumiere brothers because it contains some of the first uses of cut ins.

In 1908 D.W Griffiths film 'money mad' used different camera angles and pace of editing for the first time. This was the first American feature film and the discovery of the close up. Lev Kuleshov coined the term The Kuleshov effect. This was essentially the invention of the montage. This technique was shown in the 1925 film 'Battleship Potemkin'.

The Moviola was invented in 1917 by Iwan Serrurier. It was originally a film projector to be sold to the general public, but it cost $600 ($20,000 modern day equivalent). He changed the design to make it a precision editing device for filmmakers. Many studios adopted the Moviola including Universal Studios, Warner Brothers, Charles Chaplin Studios, Buster Keaton Productions, Mary Pickford, Mack Sennett, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

The flatbed editor became a popular machine for film editing in the 1970's, but by the 1990's they had become almost completely obsolete due to the popularity of digital, non-linear editing.

Picture and sound rolls load onto separate motorized disks, called "plates." A prism reflects the film image onto a viewing screen, while a magnetic playback head reads the magnetic audio tracks. When the editor finds a point to cut one shot into another, he marks it on both picture and sound rolls, then makes the cut and splices in the next shot.

Offline editing is the process where an EDL (edit decision list) is created, using the bare minimum of equipment. Rough copies of the footage could be used by the offline editors to essentially create a final version of the production, ready for the online editors. One very basic method is paper and pencil editing. 

When the offline EDL is completed, it is transferred to the online editors, who then use professional editing software to complete a final edit according to the EDL from the offline editors.

The CMX 600 was the first non-linear video editing system. It was introduced in 1971 by CMX Systems, and was referred to as a "RAVE", or Random Access Video Editor. The right monitor, which played the preview video, was used by the editor to make cuts and edit decisions. The left monitor was used to display the edited video.

The CMX 600 cost $250,000 USD at its introduction. only 6 systems were manufactured. They were used to edit several television shows and commercials.

Adobe Premiere Pro is a timeline-based video editing software application. It has been used to edit feature films, such as Gone Girl, Captain Abu Raed, and Monsters. 

Premiere Pro can be used with other Adobe creative suite applications such as After Effects, photoshop, and Adobestory.